The project aims to predict future carbon sequestration and storage rates in Southeast Asian forests, integrating biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation strategies. It seeks to advance knowledge on soil microbiomes by analyzing bacterial and fungal community variations across forest types, locations, and seasons, linking these variations to carbon sink contributions and forest biomass growth. Additionally, the project estimates above-ground biomass across diverse forest types, examining influences of succession, climate, and topography, contributing to the understanding of factors affecting tropical forest growth. It also involves analyzing land-use changes over decades in Southeast Asia, particularly the impacts on forest cover, afforestation, and reforestation, with an emphasis on distinguishing between artificial afforestation and natural forest regrowth.